An estimated 35.5 million U.S. adults have kidney disease. Most don’t know they have it. While the only way to know if you have kidney disease is to get tested, there are signs to watch for. A recessed area on the concave border is the renal hilum, where the renal artery enters the kidney and the renal vein and ureter leave. The kidney is surrounded by tough fibrous tissue, the renal capsule, which is itself surrounded by perirenal fat, renal fascia, and pararenal fat. The meaning of RENAL is of, relating to, involving, or located in the region of the kidneys : nephric. How to use renal in a sentence. Kidney failure is when your kidneys stop working. Common causes include diabetes and high blood pressure. Treatment includes dialysis or a kidney transplant. Properly functioning kidneys are critical for maintaining good health. Diabetes, high blood pressure, or family history can increase risk of kidney disease. End-stage kidney disease happens when the kidneys no longer work well enough to meet the body's needs. End-stage kidney disease is the most advanced stage of chronic kidney disease. It is sometimes called end-stage renal disease or kidney failure. Kidneys filter waste and excess fluid from the blood. Learn about kidney failure symptoms, tests, diagnosis and treatment options, including medicine, dialysis and kidney transplant. Kidney cancer: Renal cell carcinoma is the most common type. Kidney failure (renal failure): This may be acute (worsen suddenly) or chronic (long-term). End-stage renal disease is a complete loss of kidney function. Kidney infection: This can occur if bacteria enter your kidneys by traveling up your ureters. These infections cause sudden symptoms. Learn how your kidneys filter blood, why kidneys are important, and how kidneys help maintain a healthy balance of water, salts, and minerals in your body. Renal system, in humans, organ system that includes the kidneys, where urine is produced, and the ureters, bladder, and urethra for the passage, storage, and voiding of urine. Learn more about the structure and function of the renal system in this article.