Birth defects are differences in the way your child’s body develops. There are several types of birth defects, with causes that range from genetic changes to environmental factors. Examples include congenital heart conditions, a cleft lip and Down syndrome. Babies born with birth defects often need special care and interventions to thrive. Birth defects are structural changes present at birth that can affect almost any part of the body, such as the heart, brain, or foot. They may affect how the body looks, works, or both. Birth defects are the leading cause of infant death, and infants with birth defects have a greater chance of illnesses and long-term disabilities than those without birth defects. Birth defect is a widely used term for a congenital malformation, i.e. a congenital, physical anomaly that is recognizable at birth, and which is significant enough to be considered a problem. Results from our 2024 Registry report provides data on the most frequently reported birth defects. This lists the structural and functional birth defects reported to the registry by frequency. Birth defects are structural changes that are present at birth. Anencephaly is a birth defect in which a baby is born without parts of the brain and skull. Anophthalmia and microphthalmia are birth defects of a baby's eye (s). Anotia and microtia are birth defects of a baby's ear. If your child has recently been diagnosed or you’re searching for reliable information and emotional support, you’re not alone. This guide will help you understand what birth defects are, what causes them, how they’re diagnosed, and what support systems are available.